How must The Mayhew Review be used to address the care and housing crises?
Review re-visited
The essence of The Mayhew Review centres around Professor Les Mayhew’s belief that the United Kingdom is currently not meeting the demands of its ageing population. In particular, the increased demand for older people’s care and suitable housing options for the UK’s ageing population. Professor Mayhew communicates his understanding that while Government has been made aware of the shortcomings in this country’s care and housing offer, little has been done to enact subsequent housing policy change or roll out improved care provision.
Professor Mayhew highlights key statistics that add weight to his argument that the UK’s current housing and care landscape is not fit for purpose. Crucially, the population aged 65+ is set to increase from 11.2 million to 17.2 million by 2040. Professor Mayhew understands that it will be much more evenly spread than at present, with older people accounting for 25-30% of the population in many areas. The vast majority will live in standard housing while as many as 6.2 million will live alone – half of them aged 80+ – piling pressure
on geographically dispersed care services.
The Mayhew Review puts forward one overall recommendation to ease the care and housing crises, that being the Government’s Older People’s Housing Task Force should be mandated to implement the review’s recommendations and report on the outcomes. The sector has been waiting for the Task Force to be formally launched since its announcement in the Levelling Up White Paper.
What must change?
2023 marks another crucial year for the sector as it continues to provide invaluable support to society’s most vulnerable people, all while responding to the challenges arising from successive years of underfunding, increasing workforce shortages and the absence of long-awaited reform. Suitable housing for older people is another area of the sector that requires immediate attention.
Research from The Health Foundation has found that 17% of homes in England were classed as non-decent in 2019, and that there was notable variation between housing tenures. The proportion of homes that are non-decent was highest in the private rented sector, at 23%. 16% of owner-occupied homes were non-decent, and 12% of social rented homes.
The Health Foundation also found inequalities in who lives in non-decent homes. Single adult households, particularly those over 60 and those on low incomes, are more likely to live in non-decent housing. Around a third of people aged 50 and over say their home needs work to make it suitable as they get older, according to research conducted by the Centre for Ageing Better.
‘Fixing the Care Crisis’, a report by Damian Green MP on behalf of the Centre for Policy Studies, recommends that local authority funding should be shifted towards central Government, arguing that this would ease the pressure on local budgets and encourage the approval of more retirement housing. In addition, the report claims that local authorities are currently incentivised to reject applications for new care homes and prioritise mainstream housing over retirement housing. The report calls for a complete overhaul of the system in order to build more housing and facilities suitable for older people.
Last year’s Mayhew Review produced a stark warning: 50,000 new homes for older people need building each year to meet the needs of our rapidly ageing population. This implies a radical shift from current housing policy and would mean a quarter of all new homes being built going to older people.
From a starting point of 7,000 retirement properties being built every 12 months, we have some way to go. How do we get closer to Mayhew’s target? Firstly, the Government needs to launch its long-awaited Older People’s Housing Task Force; a unique opportunity to bring together the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities and Department of Health and Social Care to address the housing and care crises simultaneously.
There are specific challenges that need tackling: ensuring greater clarity in the planning system, strengthening consumer protection regulation, and developing appropriate models of tenure. We must also ensure older people’s housing remains accessible to all by supporting affordable and social rented provision.
Critical to Mayhew’s conclusions was the need to place most attention on those models of older people’s housing that bring the biggest impact. Integrated Retirement Communities, combining housing with social care on site and a wide range of communal services, bring great improvements to health and wellbeing, and save huge amounts of money for the NHS and social care.
Perversely, a form of older people’s housing with such a big impact has an abnormally low supply. Just 0.6% of over-65s have the opportunity to live in this kind of setting, with provision 10 times higher in New Zealand, Australia and the US.
So we need not only to grow older people’s housing in its totality, but to recognise the unique needs and challenges of different types of older people’s housing – and act on this. Improving planning policy does not necessarily mean the same thing for traditional retirement housing and Integrated Retirement Communities.
We currently stand far from Mayhew’s target of 50,000 new homes for older people per year, but with the Older People’s Housing Task Force beckoning, this could be a big year for change.
Michael Voges, Chief Executive, Associated Retirement Community Operators (ARCO)
@ARCOtweets
McCarthy Stone welcomes the findings and recommendations of the Mayhew Review. The review aligns with McCarthy Stone’s own perspective about the unmet demand that exists for older people’s housing. Three million older people want to move into smaller properties, but they currently have very few options, particularly as only approximately 7,500 new retirement properties are built a year, with demand estimated by Professor Mayhew to be nearer to 50,000.
Professor Mayhew urged the Government to launch the Older People’s Housing Taskforce immediately and to reform the planning system to address this imbalance. This would help ease the housing and social care crises, as well as unblock the market for first time buyers and drive economic growth.
The Taskforce offers a real opportunity to increase the supply of older people’s housing and it should be given a strong mandate to enable meaningful change. The Taskforce should also address issues of viability and the increased cost of building retirement schemes and make 10% of future housing supply specifically for older people. The new Housing Minister, who McCarthy Stone believes will chair the Taskforce, has the opportunity to change the status quo, and be bold and ambitious in her mission to support the millions of older people looking to downsize.
The main blockade to development, however, is the planning system. It is currently taking a year on average for McCarthy Stone to get a decision from a local authority on development applications, rather than the 13-week statutory period. These delays and uncertainty only exacerbate the shortfall that already exists. Older people’s housing should be included as a priority in all local plans, and we need new national guidance published to cover this unique segment of the housing market.
While many of the solutions to growing the supply of this type of housing lie in our own hands, the housing-with-care sector needs greater support in order to achieve its full potential. The next Government Budget is a golden opportunity for the Government to row in behind the housing-with-care sector and make specialist homes for older people a priority given the UK’s ageing demographic.